Medical Marijuana Research Articles

Sociodemographic profile and clinical presentation of young children unintentionally exposed to marijuana: A single site retrospective cohort.

Legalization of medical marijuana has increased unintentional exposure to marijuana in young children. We aim to explore the sociodemographic disadvantage profile, prevalence, and clinical presentation of children diagnosed with unintentional exposure to marijuana. We conducted a retrospective chart abstraction of 121 children (aged 0-6) seen at the Emergency Department (ED) at a single tertiary hospital center in Dayton, Ohio between January 01, 2010 and January 09, 2022. Majority were female (62.8%), white (50.4%), and with Medicaid as their primary insurance (84.3%). The median age at exposure was 1.8 years. There was a 14-fold increase in unintentional marijuana cases pre-2017 (7 cases) versus post-2017 (114 cases), the year of legalization of medical marijuana in the state of Ohio. Majority of the patients were using public assistance (66.4%). 26.7% of the cases had a prior social work consultation and 38.1% had a prior children services consultation. 51.3% of the children had a social disadvantage index score of 3 or greater (range 0-5) with higher scores indicating greater disadvantage. The number of patients presenting to the ED at the hospital has increased 14-fold since the legalization of medical marijuana in Ohio. Half of the children displayed a higher sociodemographic disadvantage index score. Our study is the first study investigating the sociodemographic profile of children exposed to marijuana. The findings of this study may be utilized to inform policy for safely dispensing recreational and medicinal marijuana products and focus the efforts on families with sociodemographic disadvantage.

The use of medicinal cannabis as an alternative treatment for depressive disorders: integrative review

Objective: to analyze, through an integrative review, the use and applicability of medicinal cannabis as a complementary treatment in patients with depression such as unipolar disorder. Methods: the research question was “Is it effective in using medicinal cannabis as a complementary method for treating patients with depression due to unipolar disorder?”. The databases used were PubMed and Portal Capes (published between 2018-2023), with the search strategy (Depression” OR “Psychic Symptoms”) AND (“Cannabidiol” OR “Cannabis”) AND (“Young Adult” OR “Adolescent” OR “Young”). Results: there is work that supports the use of cannabis as an alternative treatment for depression; the majority, however, affirm the ineffectiveness of the compound in improving depression, with some even demonstrating its harm. Positive results ranged from 34.8% to 53% of the sample. Conclusion: there is no rigorous consensus on the benefits and harms of the medicine, and new research in the area is necessary.

OILVEQ: an Italian external quality control scheme for cannabinoids analysis in galenic preparations of cannabis oil.

Italy legalized cannabis oil for specific medical conditions (neuropathic pain, refractory epilepsy and other established pathologies) in 2015, but mandates titration of principal cannabinoids before marketing each batch using iphenated techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. To assess reliability of laboratories from the Italian National Health Service in charge of titrating the batches, the Italian National Institute of Health set up an quality control program on determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol l (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) in cannabis oil preparations. Two rounds of exercises have been carried out since 2019, involving sixteen Italian laboratories. Five different cannabis oil samples (19-1A and 19-1B for the first round and 22-1A, 22-1B and 22-1C for the second one were prepared and 1 mL amount of each sample was sent to the laboratories. The quantitative performance of each laboratory was assessed calculating the z-score value, a statistical measurement for value's relationship to the mean of a group of values. In the first round, eight out of fourteen laboratories employed an LC-MS while the remaining six used GC-MS. Differently, in the second round, six out of eleven laboratories employed a GC-MS while the remaining five used LC-MS. In the first round, only 28.6 % laboratories achieved an acceptable performance (z-score±2), and all of them used LC-MS as analytical method. In the second round, none of the laboratories achieved an acceptable performance. Satisfactory results, based on z-scores, were generally low (0.0-75.0 %), with only one exception of 100 % for THCA-A determination in sample 22-1B. In the second round, three false negatives (two THC and one CBD by GC-MS determination) were reported while no false positives were described in the blank sample. The two rounds yielded a mean ERR% of 42 % approximately and a mean CV% around 70 % in GC-MS determination. When applying LC-MS determination, the two rounds yielded a mean ERR% of 36 % approximately and a mean CV% around 33 %. The obtained results underline the need for a clear and consistent protocol to be adopted by all laboratories intending to include the titration of oily cannabis-based products into their routinely analytical techniques. This emphasis on methodology standardization and participation to quality control schemes is essential for ensuring reliable and accurate measurements, ultimately enhancing the overall effectiveness and reliability of medical cannabis treatments.

Forensic analysis of medical marijuana: a case study = Badania kryminalistyczne marihuany medycznej – studium przypadku

The aim of this article is to present the issues of forensic examination of medical marijuana, taking into account possible limitations in forensic expertise and issues related to the material remaining after vaporization. An example, which illustrates the research and procedure to confirm the compliance of the chemical composition of the questioned substance, confiscated during a home search by the police, with the provision on prescriptions for an individual patient, is presented. The issue of medical marijuana vaporization as well as controversy which may arise from the remaining material with high concentration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), both in relations to its utilizing as well as possible storage of the remaining marijuana by the patient is considered. The obtained results shows the possibility to determine the concentration of key cannabinoids: CBD and THC in questioned dried hemp and comparison with prescription values. Therefore, it is possible to support law enforcement authorities in proceedings related to dried hemp, in particular to distinct whether cannabis are medicinal products declared on prescriptions or packages, or it is a drug prohibited by law. An additional issue that has arisen during the research is the need of regulations to the material remaining after vaporization of medical marihuana to protect patients from the allegation of possession of illegal substance.

Cannabidiol (Epidiolex)

CADTH recommends that Epidiolex should be reimbursed by public drug plans as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in patients aged 2 years and older if certain conditions are met. Epidiolex should only be covered for the treatment of patients who are aged 2 years and older with seizures caused by TSC despite receiving other antiseizure medications. Epidiolex should only be reimbursed in patients who have at least 8 seizures over a 28-day period that are not controlled despite receiving 2 or more antiseizure medications if it is prescribed by physicians with experience in the diagnosis and management of patients living with TSC and if the cost of Epidiolex is reduced. Epidiolex should not be reimbursed for use in combination with mTOR inhibitors or recreational or medicinal cannabis.

California Cannabis Research Briefing, April 2023: Meeting Summary.

On April 28, 2023, the University of California Office of the President, in partnership with the California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC), hosted the California Cannabis Research Briefing. The California Cannabis Research Briefing brought together researchers and state agencies/policymakers to discuss pertinent policy issues on cannabis within the state. Researchers across six different topic areas (environment, cannabis markets, social equity matters, public health, medicinal cannabis use, and public safety) provided brief explanations of their research and its policy implications. A moderated discussion with stakeholders followed these presentations. The goals of this event were to highlight research that can inform policy issues relevant to the state, and to discuss how research can be incorporated into the cannabis policy landscape.

Cannabinoid levels description in a cohort of patients with chronic and neuropathic pain treated with Cannabis decoction: A possible role of TDM

The phytocomplex of Cannabis is made up of approximately 500 substances: terpeno-phenols metabolites, including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, exhibit pharmacological activity.Medical Cannabis has several pharmacological potential applications, in particular in the management of chronic and neuropathic pain. In the literature, a few data are available concerning cannabis pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety.Thus, aim of the present study was the evaluation of cannabinoid pharmacokinetics in a cohort of patients, with chronic and neuropathic pain, treated with inhaled medical cannabis and decoction, as a galenic preparation.In this study, 67 patients were enrolled. Dried flower tops with different THC and CBD concentrations were used: Bedrocan® medical cannabis with THC level standardized at 19% and with a CBD level below 1%, Bediol® medical cannabis with THC and CBD level standardized at similar concentration of 6.5% and 8%, respectively.Cannabis was administered as a decoction in 47 patients and inhaled in 11 patients. The blood withdrawn was obtained before the new dose administration at the steady state and metabolites plasma concentrations were measured with an UHPLC-MS/MS method.Statistically significant differences were found in cannabinoids plasma exposure between inhaled and oral administration of medical cannabis, between male and female and cigarette smokers.For the first time, differences in cannabinoid metabolites exposures between different galenic formulations were suggested in patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring could be useful to allow for dose adjustment, but further studies in larger cohorts of patients are required in order to confirm these data.

Clinical outcome analysis of patients with multiple sclerosis – Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry

IntroductionWhilst disease-modifying therapies are the cornerstone for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a need to develop novel therapeutics for the symptomatic sequalae of the disease. Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) have been suggested as a potential therapy for the associated pain, spasticity, and mental health disorders. However, there is a paucity of clinical evidence on CBMPs in MS. The aim of this study is to assess changes in MS-specific and general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes alongside adverse event incidence in patients prescribed CBMPs for MS from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry (UKMCR). MethodPatients prescribed CBMPs for MS symptoms for longer than one month were identified from the UKMCR. The primary outcomes were changes from baseline in MS Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS), and EQ-5D-5L scales at one month, three months and six months. p < 0.050 was defined as statistically significant. Results141 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. There was an improvement in the following subscales of the MSQoL-54 at 6 months: change in health scale, cognitive function, mental health composition, physical health, role limitations due to physical limitation and due to emotional problems, as well as social and sexual function (p < 0.050). There were also improvements in the EQ-5D-5L index value, GAD-7 and SQS (p < 0.050). 146 (103.55 %) adverse events were reported in total. Most were considered mild (n = 47; 33.33 %) and moderate (n = 72; 51.06 %). ConclusionsThis preliminary analysis demonstrates a possible association with improved general health-related quality of life in those prescribed CBMPs for MS. Moreover, the results suggest that CBMPs are well-tolerated in the first 6 months of treatment. However, this must be interpreted with caution considering the limitations of the observational study design.

Medical cannabis must meet quality standards

Medical cannabis must meet quality standards

Medicinal Cannabis (MedCan 3): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess THC/CBD (1:20) to relieve symptom burden in patients with cancer-a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Distressing symptoms are common in advanced cancer. Medicinal cannabinoids are commonly prescribed for a variety of symptoms. There is little evidence to support their use for most indications in palliative care. This study aims to assess a 1:20 delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBD) cannabinoid preparation in the management of symptom distress in patients with advanced cancer undergoing palliative care. One hundred and fifty participants will be recruited across multiple sites in Queensland, Australia. A teletrial model will facilitate the recruitment of patients outside of major metropolitan areas. The study is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomised, placebo-controlled, two-arm trial of escalating doses of an oral 1:20 THC/CBD medicinal cannabinoid preparation (10mg THC:200mg CBD/mL). It will compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of a titrated dose range of 2.5mg THC/50mgCBD to 30mg THC/600mg CBD per day against a placebo. There is a 2-week patient-determined titration phase, to reach a dose that achieves symptom relief or intolerable side effects, with a further 2weeks of assessment on the final dose. The primary objective is to assess the effect of escalating doses of a 1:20 THC/CBD medicinal cannabinoid preparation against placebo on change in total symptom distress score, with secondary objectives including establishing a patient-determined effective dose, the effect on sleep quality and overall quality of life. Some patients will be enrolled in a sub-study which will more rigorously evaluate the effect on sleep. MedCan-3 is a high-quality, adequately powered, placebo-controlled trial which will help demonstrate the utility of a THC:CBD 1:20 oral medicinal cannabis product in reducing total symptom distress in this population. Secondary outcomes may lead to new hypotheses regarding medicinal cannabis' role in particular symptoms or in particular cancers. The sleep sub-study will test the feasibility of using actigraphy and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in this cohort. This will be the first large-scale palliative care randomised clinical trial to utilise the teletrial model in Australia. If successful, this will have significant implications for trial access for rural and remote patients in Australia and internationally. ANZCTR ACTRN12622000083796 . Protocol number 001/20. Registered on 21 January 2022. Recruitment started on 8 August 2022.

The Effect of Cannabinoids on Single-level Lumbar Arthrodesis Outcomes in a Rat Model

Background ContextThe opioid epidemic is a public health crisis affecting spine care and pain management. Medical marijuana is a potential non-opioid analgesic yet to be studied in the surgical setting since its effects on bone healing are not fully understood. Studies have demonstrated analgesic and potentially osteoinductive properties of cannabinoids with endocannabinoid receptor expression in bone tissue. PurposeWe hypothesize that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) will not decrease bone healing in spinal fusion. Study DesignSeventy-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. Utilizing allogenic bone grafts (6 donor rats), posterolateral inter-transverse lumbar fusion at the L4-L5 level was performed. The animals were equally divided into four treatment groups, each receiving 0.1ml intraperitoneal injections weekly as follows: placebo (saline), 5mg/kg THC, 5mg/kg CBD, and a combination of 5mg/kg THC and 5mg/kg CBD (Combo). MethodsCallus tissue was harvested 2- and 8-weeks post-surgery for qPCR assessment to quantify changes in the expression of osteogenic genes. Manual palpation was done to assess the strength of the L4-L5 arthrodesis on all rats. μCT image-based callus analysis and histology were performed. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons was performed. ResultsμCT demonstrated no significant differences. Treatment groups had slightly increased bone volume and density compared to control. qPCR at two weeks indicated downregulated RANKL/OPG ratios skewing towards osteogenesis in the CBD group, with the THC and CBD+THC groups demonstrating a downward trend (P>0.05). ALPL, BMP4, and SOST were significantly higher in the CBD group, with CTNNB1 and RUNX2 also showing an upregulating trend. The CBD group showed elevation in Col1A1 and MMP13. Data at eight weeks showed ALPL, RUNX2, BMP4, and SOST were downregulated for all treatment groups. In the CBD+THC group, RANK, RANKL, and OPG were downregulated. OPG downregulation reached significance for the THC and CBD+THC group compared to saline. Interestingly, the RANKL/OPG ratio showed upregulation in the CBD and CBD+THC groups. RANKL showed upregulation in the CBD group. At 2 and 8 weeks, the CBD treatment group showed superior histological progression, increasing between time points. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that CBD and THC have no adverse effect on bone healing and the rate of spinal fusion in rats. Osteogenic factors were upregulated in the CBD-treated groups at two weeks, which indicates a potential for bone regeneration. In this group, compared to control, the RANKL/OPG ratio at the early healing phase demonstrates the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, enhancing bone formation. Interestingly, it shows promoted osteoclast differentiation at the later healing phase, enhancing bone remodeling. This aligns with the physiological expectation of a lower ratio in the early phases and a higher ratio in the later remodeling phases. Clinical SignificanceCBD and THC showed no inhibitory effects on bone healing in a spinal fusion model. Moreover, histologic and gene expression analysis demonstrated that CBD may, in fact, enhance bone healing. Further research is needed to confirm the safe usage of THC and CBD in the post-operative setting following spinal fusions.

Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions with medical cannabis.

Cannabis-drug interactions have caused significant concerns, mainly due to their role in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme-mediated metabolic pathway of numerous medications. A systematic review was conducted to gain an overview of the potential interactions of cannabis with different drug classes by extracting pertinent information from published study data. From the inception of the study to October 1, 2023, we performed a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science. We included 54 out of 464 articles, and a total of 20 drug classes were identified to have interactions with medicinal cannabis. The cannabis-drug interactions were assessed and classified according to their probability and severity. The analysis revealed that antiepileptics had the most evidence of interaction with cannabis, followed by clobazam (CLB), warfarin, and tacrolimus. Generally, cannabis-drug interactions result in pharmacokinetic (PK) or pharmacodynamic (PD) changes. Therefore, careful monitoring should be performed to detect any unusual elevations in plasma levels. In addition, dose titrations or treatment withdrawal could help mitigate the adverse effects attributed to cannabis-drug interactions. Nevertheless, novel drugs are constantly emerging, and more research is needed to further identify potential interactions with cannabis.

Medical Cannabis in Malaysia: Supply and Demand on Facebook

The internet has become a key hub for communication and information, including drug-related information. Evidence from other nations suggests that medical cannabis is also available online. Yet little is known about medical cannabis dealing on online services in Malaysia. This study examines the current supply and demand of medical cannabis on Malaysian Facebook Pages. Researchers searched for cannabis Facebook Pages in Malay and English between April and June 2022, using the keywords associated with cannabis and marijuana in popular search engines. The Facebook content, including the posts and users’ responses to supply and demand information for medical cannabis, were screened and analysed. Subsequently, the contents of the Facebook Pages were categorised into five themes: (1) demand for medical cannabis; (2) testimony; (3) supply information; (4) adverse health effects of medical cannabis; and (5) product types and routes of administration. The findings indicate that medical cannabis is available online and searchable via popular search engines, despite being illegal in Malaysia. A total of 46 Facebook Pages related to cannabis were identified in this study, where 13 pages sell medical cannabis directly, and 3 sell both medical and recreational cannabis. In addition to private messages via Facebook Messenger, most pages share contact details. The information on the sampled Facebook Pages reflected the growing demand and illegal sales of medical cannabis in Malaysia via online platforms since 2012. Thus, there is an urgent need for proper regulations and laws to control medical cannabis usage besides protecting patients against potentially harmful medical cannabis online.

Cannabis Wrong Way to be Employed

The history of medical cannabis spans millennia, with the plant playing a role in various cultures and civilizations for therapeutic purposes. The use of cannabis for medicinal reasons can be traced back to ancient times, when it was employed by different societies for a range of health-related applications. One of the earliest documented instances of medical cannabis use dates to ancient China. The Chinese emperor Shen Nung is credited with the compilation of the “Pen Ts’ao,” a pharmacopoeia that documented the medicinal properties of various plants, including cannabis. Shen Nung is believed to have recommended cannabis for a variety of ailments, including rheumatism and malaria, highlighting its perceived healing properties.

The Role of Medicinal Cannabis as an Emerging Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder.

This narrative review explores current insights into the potential use of medicinal cannabis-related products as an emerging therapy for opioid use disorder in the landscape of increasing knowledge about medicinal cannabis-based products, commercialisation and global legalisation. Preclinical studies have provided preliminary insight into the putative neurobiological mechanisms that underpin the potential for medicinal cannabis to be considered a therapeutic in opioid use disorder and addiction. With the progressive legalisation of cannabis in many jurisdictions worldwide, contemporary research has highlighted further evidence that medicinal cannabis may have efficacy in reducing cravings and withdrawal effects, and therefore may be considered as an adjunct or standalone to current medications for opioid use disorder. Despite this potential, the landscape of research in this space draws from a large number of observational studies, with a paucity of rigorous randomised controlled trials to ascertain a true understanding of effect size and safety profile. With current challenges in implementation that arise from political and legal qualms about adopting medicinal cannabis on the background of associated social stigma, significant hurdles remain to be addressed by government, policy-makers, healthcare providers and researchers before medical cannabis can be introduced globally for the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Cannabidiol (CBD) Listed as a Drug of Abuse by the Italian Health Ministry: Expert Opinion

Abstract: In August 2023, the Italian Health Ministry listed cannabidiol (CBD) as a drug of abuse. This rekindled the debate on the medical and non-medical use of cannabis. The most discussed topics are risks related to the use of cannabis, the decriminalization/legalization of recreational cannabis, and use of cannabis-based drugs for medical purposes. The decision to include CBD in the “Unique Text for drugs of abuse” (DPR.309/1990), along with the already included main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is not particularly relevant to such ongoing discussions. Even when it comes to cannabis-based drugs for medical purposes, such a decision will have a minimum impact on CBD-based medical prescriptions. Instead, a high economic impact is expected on CBD-based products sold online or in specific shops, including the so-called “cannabis-light”, formally sold as a “technological product” for collection purposes but used as over-the-counter drugs for the treatment of several medical conditions. Cannabis-light products have reduced regular drug consumption by about 10%. Also, they are not entirely safe, as the actual content of THC may significantly differ from the one stated, carrying unexpected health risks. Further, CBD is likely not a drug with addictive potential; however, its uncontrolled use for medical purposes needs to be regulated as the court battles are ongoing.

Assessing the preparedness and future-readiness of Malaysian community pharmacists in Klang Valley regarding the use of medical marijuana

BackgroundThis study investigated community pharmacists' level of knowledge and attitude towards medical marijuana and its association with sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from 21 February 2022 to 15 November 2022. Community pharmacists working in Klang Valley were given a self-administered questionnaire. This survey instrument facilitated the collection of information about their sociodemographic attributes, training background, and knowledge and attitude concerning medical marijuana. Through rigorous analysis of the accumulated data, discernible factors correlating with the levels of knowledge and attitudes surrounding medical marijuana were identified.ResultsThe majority (n=149, 53.8%) of participants had low knowledge of medical marijuana. Participants with lower knowledge of medical marijuana tend to have a negative attitude toward medical marijuana. Besides that, male participants showed higher knowledge of medical marijuana than female participants. Furthermore, it was found that atheists had the most negative attitude among other religions toward medical marijuana.ConclusionMost community pharmacists in Malaysia lack sufficient knowledge about medical marijuana. This indicates that Malaysian pharmacists are not future-ready and need to equip themselves with adequate knowledge of the indications and adverse effects of medical marijuana if it is to be legalised one day. Thus, there is a need for improved training and education of pharmacists around cannabis-based medicines.

Factors for Implementing Medical Cannabis Cultivation in Brazil

Abstract: The medicinal properties of the Cannabis genus are evident and many studies indicate its usefulness to treat many diseases. However, the production of Cannabis-based products has been hampered by its criminalization. Currently its cultivation is not allowed in Brazil, except in specific situations. It increases the price of Cannabis-based products, as it requires the importation of inputs, making it difficult for most of the population to access such medicines. In this context, this review presents an overview of Brazilian legislation on medical Cannabis and the current market for Cannabis products in Brazil. The main goal is to encourage the cultivation of medical Cannabis and the distribution of its products by the Brazilian Unified Health System. In addition, it presents recommendations to implement cultivation based on a bibliographic survey carried out in scientific databases and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of Cannabis in treating patients suffering from several diseases and conditions, although more complete studies are needed to confirm both risk-benefit relationship and dose to be administered. After searching for legislation and bills on government websites, it became evident that there was a need for changes in Brazilian legislation to enable cultivation in Brazil. However, there are several proposals for legislation in progress, and Brazil can significantly benefit from this therapeutic option.

JUDICIAL ASPECTS OF LEGALIZING MEDICAL CANNABIS IN UKRAINE AND THE EXPERIENCE OF GERMANY

In this article, the author discusses the Ukraine's Draft Law No. 7457 on the legalization of the use of medical cannabis for patients suffering from severe ailments. As a positive example of such regulation, the author observes the German law of March 6, 2017 as well as relevant case law, namely the cases of the Land Social Court of Baden-Württemberg, and the Federal Supreme Social Court. Within the prism of jurisprudence, the author researches of how does the adopted legislation work in relation to supply of medical cannabis to the patients suffering from severe ailments. The findings of the author are that this administrative procedure is in fact quite difficult to fulfill and has got a number of precautions: the patient has to prove he or she suffers from a severe disease, and no alternative means of treatment are either available, or are unacceptable for a concrete case. Hence, in case the dispute arrives to the court, it is the patient’s task to fulfill the provisions of Art. 31 (6) of the Fifth Book of the Social Code of 1988 by proving the severity of the condition and the lack or alternative therapy, or its insufficiency by appropriate medical records and certificates of physicians. The existing case law shows that courts consider this evidence with a large scrutiny and it may be very complicated for a patient to prove that a medical cannabis-based therapy is the only means of treatment that is available. The cases, discussed in the article, are commented in much detail, so the reader may acquaint himself or herself of how do disputes in this field of social law proceed, and whether patients are able to prove the necessity of a medical cannabis-based therapy to them.

Unveiling the therapeutic promise of medicinal cannabis protocol in alzheimer’s disease management: insights from case studies

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex clinical challenge, necessitating exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. This paper investigates the integration of a medicinal Cannabis MCT oil protocol, featuring specific THC and CBD ratios, within the care plans of three individuals diagnosed with AD. Drawing upon existing literature and detailed case studies, we evaluate the protocol's impact on symptom progression, quality of life, and caregiver burden. Our analysis suggests promising therapeutic benefits of medicinal Cannabis in mitigating symptoms associated with AD, underscoring the importance of further research in this evolving field. Keywords: alzheimer's disease, medicinal cannabis, THC, CBD, symptom management, caregiver burden, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory properties